{"id":1255,"date":"2026-03-10T06:58:35","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T05:58:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/?p=1255"},"modified":"2026-03-10T07:16:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T06:16:04","slug":"440-scratch-structuration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/?p=1255","title":{"rendered":"4#40 Scratch : structuration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les Boucles : R\u00e9p\u00e9ter des actions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les boucles permettent de gagner du temps et de rendre le programme plus court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e9p\u00e9ter [n] fois : id\u00e9al pour les trajectoires g\u00e9om\u00e9triques (Carr\u00e9 du drone Tello).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle.jpg 569w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e9p\u00e9ter ind\u00e9finiment : c\u2019est la base d\u2019un syst\u00e8me automatique. Le robot \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9coute\u00a0\u00bb ses capteurs en permanence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle_infinie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle_infinie.jpg 517w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/boucle_infinie-300x258.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les Variables : La m\u00e9moire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Une variable est une donn\u00e9e stock\u00e9e par le programme. On peut la lire ou la modifier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/variable.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/variable.jpg 479w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/variable-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/variable-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les Structures Conditionnelles (Les Tests)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le \u00ab\u00a0Si\u2026 Alors\u00a0\u00bb (Condition simple)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On effectue l\u2019action uniquement si la condition est vraie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors.jpg 475w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors-300x140.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le \u00ab\u00a0Si\u2026 Alors\u2026 Sinon\u00a0\u00bb (L\u2019alternative)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On choisit entre deux actions possibles. C\u2019est la base de l\u2019automatisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"411\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors_sinon.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors_sinon.jpg 411w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/si_alors_sinon-300x248.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparatif des Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9tudi\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque syst\u00e8me utilise des noms de blocs diff\u00e9rents, mais la logique reste la m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Support<\/td><td>Capteur (Entr\u00e9e)<\/td><td>Actionneur (Sortie)<\/td><td>Usage typique<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>mBot<\/td><td>D\u00e9tecteur ultrasons<br>D\u00e9tecteur de ligne (IR)<\/td><td>Moteurs \/ LED RGB<\/td><td>Robot mobile autonome (suiveur de ligne)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drone Tello<\/td><td>Cam\u00e9ra \/ Gyroscope<br>Altim\u00e8tre<\/td><td>Moteurs \/ Voyants<\/td><td>D\u00e9placement en 3D<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arduino pour portail<\/td><td>Bouton \/ D\u00e9tecteur IR<\/td><td>Buzzer \/ LED \/ Servo-moteur<\/td><td>Domotique<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Home IO<\/td><td>D\u00e9tecteur de pr\u00e9sence<br>Capteur de temp\u00e9rature<\/td><td>Moteur volet roulant<br>Chauffage \/ Lampe<\/td><td>Simulation Maison<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analyse de Logique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Probl\u00e8me : La porte automatique<br>On souhaite automatiser une porte de garage. Si une voiture est d\u00e9tect\u00e9e ET que la variable \u00ab\u00a0Autorisation\u00a0\u00bb est \u00e9gale \u00e0 1, la porte s\u2019ouvre. Sinon, elle reste ferm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/exemple_scratch.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/exemple_scratch.jpg 823w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/exemple_scratch-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/exemple_scratch-768x609.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Probl\u00e8me : Le gardien de nuit<br>Compl\u00e8te le programme ci-dessous pour que le mBot s\u2019arr\u00eate et allume ses lumi\u00e8res s\u2019il d\u00e9tecte un obstacle \u00e0 moins de 15 cm.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"651\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/gardien_nuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/gardien_nuit.jpg 491w, https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/gardien_nuit-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Boucles : R\u00e9p\u00e9ter des actions Les boucles permettent de gagner du temps et de rendre le programme plus court. R\u00e9p\u00e9ter [n] fois : id\u00e9al pour les trajectoires g\u00e9om\u00e9triques (Carr\u00e9 du drone Tello). R\u00e9p\u00e9ter ind\u00e9finiment : c\u2019est la base d\u2019un syst\u00e8me automatique. Le robot \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9coute\u00a0\u00bb ses capteurs en permanence. Les Variables : La m\u00e9moire Une [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-1255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe","category-structure-fonctionnement-comportement-des-objets-et-des-systemes-techniques-a-comprendre","tag-4eme"],"acf":[],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>4#40 Scratch : structuration - TECHNOLOGIE | 4\u00e8me CONTENU DE LA S\u00c9ANCE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sciences-tec.fr\/cours\/cahierdetexte4\/?p=1255\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4#40 Scratch : structuration - TECHNOLOGIE | 4\u00e8me CONTENU DE LA S\u00c9ANCE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les Boucles : R\u00e9p\u00e9ter des actions Les boucles permettent de gagner du temps et de rendre le programme plus court. R\u00e9p\u00e9ter [n] fois : id\u00e9al pour les trajectoires g\u00e9om\u00e9triques (Carr\u00e9 du drone Tello). R\u00e9p\u00e9ter ind\u00e9finiment : c\u2019est la base d\u2019un syst\u00e8me automatique. Le robot \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9coute\u00a0\u00bb ses capteurs en permanence. 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